- The Apoptotic Molecular Changes of Cellular Injury in Mouse Testis Induced by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals.
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Eun Hui Wang, Kweon Heang Lee, Ki Hwa Yang, Jinsuk Lee, Eun Sun Jung, Chang Suk Kang, Yeong Jin Choi
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Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(4):228-237.
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- BACKGROUND
Spermatogenesis is regulated by various cellular reactions, and especially cell proliferation and apoptosis.
METHODS
We investigated the morphological changes and the apoptotic molecular changes in mouse testis induced by the endocrine disrupting chemicals. ICR mice were treated with bisphenol A (BPA), 2-bromopropane (2-BP) and diethylstilbesterol (DES). Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining, TUNNEL staining and RNAse protection assay were conducted.
RESULTS
Testes treated with BPA showed normal spermatogenesis and the proliferation activity, and the density of the cells was similar with those in the control.
2-BP and DES groups, which showed a decrease of germ cells near the basal layer and degenerative changes. The proliferative activity identified by PCNA staining was significantly decreased in the 2-BP and DES groups (p<0.05).
The apoptosis was significantly increased in the 2-BP group however, a significant decrease was noted in the BPA group (p<0.05). Among apoptosis-related molecules, the expression of Fas, Fas ligand, TRAIL, TNFp55 and caspase 1, 3, 6 and 8 were changed according to the change of the degree of apoptosis in all groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Endocrine disrupting chemicals induced cellular injury in mouse testis through the changes of proliferative activity and apoptosis which was regulated by a number of apoptosis-related molecules. This probably results in the abnormality of spermatogenesis in mouse testis.
- Appendiceal Polyp: A report of two cases.
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Ki Hwa Yang, Jung Min Lee, Mi Sook Lee, Sang Ho Park, Young Gun Yoon, Choong Gu Kang
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(11):1045-1049.
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- Varying types of polyps could occur in the vermiform appendix. However, it is very unusual. Collins found 57 cases (0.08%) of benign mucosal polyps in the 71,000 cases of appendectomy specimens. There has been no reported case of appendiceal polyp in the literature in Korea. The authors experienced two cases of polyp in the vermiform appendix.
The first case was a 51 year-old male patient who received a left hemicolectomy due to colonic polyposis. The second case was a 71 year-old male patient who was treated by appendectomy under the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The microscopic type of both cases were hyperplastic polyp.
- Memorials of Alois Alzheimer (June 14, 1864~December 19, 1915) and Historical Background of Alzheimer's Disease.
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Ki Hwa Yang
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(1):1-6.
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- December 19, 1995 is the 80th anniversary of Alois Alzheimer's death. Recently, dementing illness including Alzheimer's disease has become the center of public interest in Korea. However, there are not much information about him or historical background of Alzheimer's disease. It is even misunderstanding. It seems to be meaningful to introduce the lifetime of the Alois Alzheimer and the historical background of Alzheimer's disease, especially in the anniversary of his death.
- Association of Ubiquitin-Positive Neuritic Threads in the CA 2-3 Region of the Hippocampus with Cortical Lewy Bodies.
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Ki Hwa Yang, Ki Seung Yang, Choong Gu Kang, Joo Ho Sung
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(5):660-668.
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- Ubiquitin-positive neuritic threads (UNTS) in the hippocampal CA 2-3 region are reported to occur exclusively in association with so-called diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD). hi order to assess the association between the occurrence of Lewy bodies (LBs) and that of the UNTs, an immunohistochemical study on the hippocampus including the parahippocampal gyrus with antiubiquitin antibody (Chemicon Co., California, U.S.A.) was perfon-ned in four groups of patient's brains. All brains were selected from the large pool of brains referred to the Neuropadiology Laboratory of the University of Minnesota for studies of Alzheimer's disease. Group 1 consisted of 34 cases (20 male and 14 female) with LBs widespread in the frontal and temporal cortex and the brain stem nuclei (basal nucleus, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus) associated with varying degrees of degeneration of the substantia nigra; 21 (11 male and 10 female) combined with and 13 (9 male and 4 female) without Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Group 2 included 12 cases (9 male and 3 female) in which LBs were observed only in the brain stem nuclei; 7 with and 4 without AD pathology. Group 3 consisted of 30 cases (9 male and 21 female) without LBs but with AD pathology and degeneration of the substantia nigra. Group 4 included 23 cases (11 male and 12 female) with neither LBs nor AD pathology but with degeneration of the substantia nigra. Ages of the patients varied among the groups. In the 46 cases in the first two groups with LBs. The mean age in the 28 cases with AD pathology was 77.3+/-8.9 and in the 18 cases without AD pathology it was 71.6+/-8.8 (P<0.05). In the 53 cases in groups 3 and 4 without LBs, which served as the controls, the mean ages were 80.8+/-7.7 and 74.0+/-9.7 respectively. UNTs were encountered in all (100%) of 34 cases of group I with widespread LBs which met the histological criteria of DLBD regardless of combined AD pathology. In 12 cases of group 2 with LBs confined to the brain stem, UNTs occurred in 3 (25%), 1 with and 2 without AD pathology. hi the group 3 cases with only AD pathology, UNTs occurred in 4 (13%) of 30 cases, while no UNTs were encountered in the 23 cases of group 4 without AD pathology or LBs. In conclusion, UNTs in the hippocampal CA 2-3 region occur invariably but not exclusively in association with widespread LBs, frequently when LBs are confined to the brain stem, and infrequently with AD pathology. It seems, therefore, that the UNTs are closely related to LBs and increase in ftequency as LBs spread beyond the brain stem with time, but the pathogenesis of the UNTs is little understood.
- Acardiac Fetus with Encephalocele: A case report.
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Seong Beom Lee, Won Sang Park, Ki Hwa Yang, Jong Chul Shin, Jung Yong Lee, Sang Ho Kim, Choo Soung Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(6):678-681.
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- The acardiac fetus is a rare type of fetal monster in which, as the name implies, the heart is completely absent.
Acardius occurs only in a pair monozygotic twin, and shows various other defects in addition to the absence of the heart. Our autopsy case is acardiac anceps. He weighed 1,980 gm and the height was 33 cm. The brain is poorly developed, 60 gm in weight and similar to reversed snowman (3.5x2.8x2.8, 1.5x1.5x1.3 cm). Encephalocele, 6 cm in diameter, was communicated with the brain by a tract which contains nervous tissue and primitive choroid plexus. The upper extremities were absent, while the vertebrae and lower extremities were relatively well developed. The heart, lungs, stomach, liver, and spleen were absent, but the kidney, genital organs and urinary bladder were present. The intestine was seperated into two segments which were blindly ended, 32 cm and 15 cm in length, respectively.
- Trichofolliculoma: A case report.
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Su Kyeong Yeon, Ki Hwa Yang, Seok Jin Kang, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(1):79-81.
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- The trichofolliculoma is a rare tumor of the hair follicle occuring most often on the head and neck. We have experienced a case of 24-year-old female who had a small, dome-shaped, tan brown firm nodule on the nose. Under the clinical impression of a granuloma, an excisional biopsy of the nodule was done. Microscopically the lesion was composed of a large central cystic hair follicle with many srhall but well differenciated secondary hair follicles branching from the wall. Well developed secondary hair follicles were often grouped and were surrounded by a prominent stroma.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Prostate: Two cases report.
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Kyoung Mee Kim, Ki Hwa Yang, Seok Jin Kang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(4):394-398.
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- The rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is very rarely encountered in the western literature, and only a few reports have been published in Korea. The authours recently experienced two cases of rhabdomyosarcomas of the prostate in 35-year-old and 51-year-old males who had suffered from gross hematuria and difficulty of urination. Microscopic studies showed embryonal type of rhabdomyosarcoma in two cases. The clinical and pathological features of the distinctive prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma are described, and a brief review of the literature is made.
- Agenesis of the Dorsal Pancreas: An autopsy case.
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Won Sang Park, Ki Hwa Yang, Seok Jin Kang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(1):71-75.
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- Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas is one of the rare congenital anomalies of the pancreas. Six cases of them have been reported. We have experienced an autopsy case of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas associated with fetal death in the uterus. Grossly, the body and tail of the pancreas and uncinate process were not found and those were partially replaced by adipose tissue. No abnormality was noted in the other organs. Microscopically, pancreatic tissue with autolytic change was identified only in the head portion of the pancreas.
- Cavernous Hemangioma of the kidney: Report of a case.
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Won Sang Park, Young Dae Kim, Ki Hwa Yang, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(4):363-366.
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- Hemangioma of the kidney is a relatively uncommon tumor, which is most commonly located in the tip of the papilla.
This lesion is usually small and has been found incidentally at postmorten examination. About 200 cases of renal hemangioma have been reported since Virchow's original report in 1876. In renal hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma is the most common type. They can create diagnostic problem for the clinician and the radiologist. We experienced a case of renal cavernous hemangioma in the medulla of the upper pole.
The patient was a twenty-seven-year-old male who had gross hematuria and right flank pain. A nephrectomy was performed.
An ill-defined mass, 4.5x3.0x1.5 cm, was observed around the pelvis. Microscopically, the tumor mass was hemangioma of the cavernous type.
- Sarcoidosis Involving the Spinal Dura.
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Young Shin Kim, Ki Hwa Yang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(2):158-163.
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- Neurosarcoidosis without systemic manifestation is vary unusual condition. Solitary lesion in the spinal dura is exceptional. The diagnosis of the neurosarcoidosis is very difficult, because the efficacy of Kveim test is low in neurosarcoidosis. The histologic examination is considered as confirmative diagnostic tool. The authors reported a case of neurosarcoidosis involving the dura of the cervical spine, in a fifty-nine year old female who had suffered from mid-back pain for six months and paraparesis for two weeks.
There was a dumbbell shaped mass in the D4-5 dura. It showed tan gray color with rubbery consistency. With histological examination, it revealed diffuse non-caseating granuloma.
Occasionally asteroid bodies were observed within the cytoplasm of the multinucleated giant cells. After operation, she was treated with steroid, and she has been well about nine month period.
- Meningioma, Hemangiopericytic Type, with Bone Metastasis: A report of a case.
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Ki Hwa Yang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(1):59-67.
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- Since Lebert stated, in 1851, that fibroblastic and sarcomatous tumors of the intracranial cavity had different survival times, many neuropathologists tried to set up histopathological grading system predicting the prognosis of the tumor of the nervous system. Especially, the histological assessment of the aggressiveness of meningiomas has not always been useful in conforming the biological characteristics of these tumors, and the definition of malignancy is still subject to controversy. However, metastases from meningioma to remote sites have always been considered rarities. The authors experienced a case of metastatic meningioma, hemangiopericytic type, with a history of recurrence. A forty years old male patient received a craniotomy to remove a mass in right parasagittal region, in June 1981. He had suffered from Jacksonian type of seizure started from left foot throuth leg, thigh, and arm to face. During operation, a well defined mass was noted in left parasagittal region with cleavage plane. The tumor was completely removed with cauterization of invasion site.
In microscopic examination, the mass had typical findings of hemangiopericytic type of meningioma. In September 1987, he received a repeat operation to remove a recurred tumor mass in vertex, at age of forty-six. The removed tumor revealed same histologic features as those seen in primary tumor. In January 1990, at age of forty-nine, he noted pain and tenderness on the right iliac crest and the left iliac tuberosity, Plain pelvis AP x-ray ad Pelvis CT scan revealed osteolytic expansile mass lesions involving both iliac bones, the body of second sacral vertebra, and the right superior ramus of the pelvic bone. An open biopsy of the iliac bone was performed. The microscopic findings of the bone lesion were same as reccruent lesion of the brain.
- Adenoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva: Report of a case.
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Chang Ok Kim, Ki Hwa Yang, Seok Jin Gang, Ahn Hee Lee, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(1):54-58.
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- In 1947, Liver described adenoid squamous cell carcinoma under the title of "adenoacanthoma of sweat gland". This tumor is not rare, but reported cases in literatures were relatively few. The tumor were frequently found in the sun-exposed skin; such as face, ear, neck etc.. The cases involving non-sun-exposed area, such as oral and labial mucosa, nosopharynx and vulva etc., were also reported.
Therefore, the relation between the pathogenesis of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma and sun damage has been still debated. Immunohistochemical studies have recently suggested that this tumor is squamous cell carcinoma undergoing acantholysis. The authors experienced a case of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in a seventy-one year old female patient. She had suffered from itching sensation on vulva for 10 years, and palpable mass on vulva for 1 month. On gross examination, a pale gray pigmentation and erosion, was noted at the right labia major, the minor extending left labia major and minor. On microscopic examination, nests of atypical epithelial cells extending into the cornium showed an adenoid architecture. These were composed of a peripheral layers of cuboidal cell in a lacy pattern. And the glandular spaces contained dyskeratotic acantholytic tumor cells in central portion. Therefore we diagnosed this case as adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
- Spinal Enterogenous Cyst: A report of a case.
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Ki Hwa Yang, Kyo Young Lee, Young Sup Park, Seok Jin Kang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(4):490-493.
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- Although varying types of cystic lesion, true to false, in the spinal cord have been described, spinal enterogenous cyst is a rare condition. It is considered as a result of congenital remnant of primitive foregut. The authors experienced a case of a spinal enterogenous cyst in the intradural space along the fouth, fifth and sixth cervical spine, occurred in a twenty-seven years old male patient.
The cyst was composed of hyalinized fibrous wall with single layered lining epithelium, such as simple non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium or ciliated tall columnar epithelium with focal mucinous columnar epithelium.
- Primary Meningioma of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: A report of a case.
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Chang Ok Kim, Mi Kyung Jee, Ki Hwa Yang, Chang Suck Kang, Seok Jin Gang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(4):461-464.
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- Primary extracranial and extraspinal meningiomas are rare.
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s involving the orbit, skin, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity and parotid gland have been reported.
The histogenesis of primary extracranial meningioma is still nucertain, but it has been thought that this tumor originates from arachnoid cell rests in displaced during embryonal development. The authors observed a case of primary meningioma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses occurring in a thirty-eight year old male patient in Feb.
1989. He suffered from bulging in the medio-superior portion of left orbit for 15 years, and left nasal obstruction and headache for 5 years, A head CT scan revealed numberous polypoid masses filling the left frontal sinus left ethmoidal sinus, left maxillary sinus and left nasal cavity.
During the operation, a connection to the dura was not found. Microscopically, there were discrete lobules or netst of meningothelial cells, beneath the nasal mucosa. They showed an occasional whorling pattern and psammoma bodies.
Therefore, this case was diagnosed as primary meningioma, meningotheliomatous type involving the left nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
- Benign Teratomas of the Fallopian Tubes: A report of two cases.
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Hee Na Kim, Mi Kyung Jee, Ki Hwa Yang, Seok Jin Gang, Eun Joo Seo, Byung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(3):374-378.
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- Teratomas of the fallopian tubes are very rarely encountered in the western literature, and not a single case has been documented in Korea. The authors experienced two cases of tubal teratomas. Both patients developed a teratoma in an ampullary portion of the right fallopian tubes. One case occured as an incidental finding, and the other case was presented with a tubal mass. The gross and light microscopic features of these teratomas were described, and a brief review of the literature on the tubal teratomas is made.
- Mixed Germ Cell Tumor in Third Ventricle: A report of case.
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Ki Hwa Yang, Sung Dae Jin, Eun Jung Lee, Kyo Young Lee, Seok Jin Gang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(1):118-122.
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- Primary mixed germ cell tumor is a very rare tumor in the cranial cavity. It is composed of varying combination of germ cell neoplasms, such as germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma and teratoma. The authors experienced a case of mixed germ cell tumor developing in the floor of the third ventricle, in a twelve years old boy. He was admitted to the hospital, because of headache, eyeball pain, diplopia and vomiting. Brain CAT scan revealed a round tumor density in the floor of the third ventricle. Tumor marker study, preoperatively checked, revealed beta-HCG, 439.8 mIU/ml and alpha-fetoprotein, under 20 ng/ml. On operation, there was a dark brown firm mass up to 3.0 cm in the third ventricle, that invaded into the foramen Monro. With microscopic examination, this tumor is composed chiefly of germinoma, with embryonal carcinomatous region, choriocarcinomatous region and focal mature teratomatous region. The authors diagnosed this case as mixed germ cell tumor.
- Chondroid Syringoma: A report of two case.
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Nam Jin Yoo, Ki Hwa Yang, Sang In Shim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(3):369-373.
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- Chondroid syringoma is a rare primary skin tumor arising from eccrine sweat gland. In 1982, Nasse had found a primary skin tumor having similar morphology as in the mixed tumor of the salivary glands. In 1961, Hirsch and Helwig proposed more descriptive diagnostic term, "Choindroid syringma". The authors experienced two cases of chondroid syringma. The first case was a 47 year old male patient who had had a subcutaneous nodule in the right forehead for two months. It was a well circumscribed mass, that showed tan gray myxoid cut surface with firm consistency. Microscopically, it was a wel diagnosed as chondroid syringoma with tubular, branching lumina. The second case was a 51 year old female patient who had had a subcutaneous nodule in the left forehead for 3 months. It was well circumscribed, ad easily shelled out. It had a typical microscopic features of chondroid syringoma with small, tubular lumina.
- Metastatic Carcinoma of the Vermiform Appendix: A Report of A Case.
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Ki Hwa Yang, Chang Suk Kang, Suck Jin Kang, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(2):250-254.
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- Though the primary carcinoma of the vermiform appendix is rare, the secondary carcinoma of the vermiform appendix is extremely rare. About fourty cases have been reported through the world. The breast is most common primary site, and adenocarcinoma is most common form. The metastatic carcinoma of the vermiform appendix, from squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, were extremely rare. The authors experienced a case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the vermiform appendix, in thirty-two years old housewife. She was diagnosed with carcinoma of the uterine cervix on December, 1983, and treated with a radical hysterectomy on February, 1984, at Chicago, and with a radiation therapy. She had been suffered from palpable masses on left axilla and left neck region, and and coughing and chest pain. After an excision biopsy, on August, 1984, she showed intestinal obstruction sign including abdominal distension with abdominal pain. A right-sided hemicolectomy was performed on November, 1984. During gross examination, the wall of the distal portion of the vermiform appendix was moderatery thickened, and showed homogeneous light yellow cut surface. On microscopic examination, there were clusters of tumors that had negative stained preparations. On electron microscopic examination, the secretory granules were not found, and the characteristics of squamous cells, including intercellular spaces, desmosomes and tonofibrils, were noted.
- Immature Teratoma of the Ovary with a Fetal Cerebellum: A report of 2 cases.
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Seok Jin Gang, Ki Hwa Yang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(1):119-124.
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- During the past 1 year the authors experienced 2 cases of fetal cerebellum in an immature teratomaof the ovary which were diagnosed by the histopathological examination of the tumor mass removed by the surgical operation. The first case was a 15-year-old female. At laparatomy an infant head sized mass at the site of the right ovary was removed. The ovary was replaced by a large, predominantly solid and focally cystic mass which weighed 810 gms. and measured 16x14x11 cm.
The second case was a 10-year-old female. The right ovary was replaced by a large cystic and focally solid mass which weighed 730 gms. and measured 15x13x10 cm. The cystic portion of the tumor was made up to multiloculated cysts filled with serous fluid. Microscopically, the first case showed an abundant mature tissue from the three germ layers, but this was intermixed with small foci of neuroepithelial tubules present in groups. Well formed fetal cerebellar folia(18 folia) characterized by a definite external granular cell layer, molecular layer, Purkinje neurons and an internal granular cell layer was identified. The second case revealed a predominantly mature tissue. Mature elements from the three germ layers were present. There are small foci of immature neural tissue growing largely in the form of neuroepithelial tubules. Fetal cerebellum with well formed folia(13 folia) was also identified. A brief review of the literature and a discussion on the clinicopathological correlations were made.
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